Magnetofection: Magic magnetic nanoparticles for efficient gene delivery

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become a research hotspot and widely used in the biomedical field in recent decades due to their unique magnetic properties. This minireview summarizes the specific gene transfection of magnetic particles (magnetofection) during eversy dynamic process of gene delivery (gene binding, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, intracellular trafficking and in vivo targeting). Meanwhile, the synergistic biomedical application of magnetofection and the effects of MNPs have also been discussed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic mediated hyperthermia (MMH), Fenton reaction and autophagy. Finally, the clinical prospect of magnetofection was briefly expected.     

浅海底质高光谱反射率测量系统的设计及应用

海底光谱反射率是光学浅水中太阳辐射传输的重要组成部分,影响着海水表面离水辐亮度的光谱特性,因此底质光谱信息的准确获取对于浅海遥感工作的开展至关重要。专门设计了一套海底光谱反射率测量系统填补了国际上在这方面的空白。采用可自由伸缩并旋转角度的参考白板贴近目标物测量,以消除探头到目标物之间水体吸收衰减的影响,双光路采集系统同步测量的设计避免了水下光场迅速变化对辐射测量的影响。于2018年9月3日—8日,用该系统在三亚珊瑚礁保护区进行原位海底反射率测量试验,测量对象包括珊瑚、海草、泥沙、沙滩等多种底质。各底质类型之间具有光谱可分性,具体表现为,在波长大于580 nm的长波段,浅海沙子底质与岸上沙滩光谱反射率特征差异明显,表明相对于空气中,水体和水中微藻介质的吸收散射作用严重影响着水下光谱辐射的测量,证实了空气中测量的目标光谱不可替代水中的结果。珊瑚和水草的光谱反射率特征主要区别在于海草反射率光谱在540~600 nm波段有一个宽反射峰,而珊瑚的典型特征是在575,600和650 nm附近有三个特征反射峰。此外,珊瑚、沙子和沙滩三种碳酸盐质底质在395,430,490和520 nm存在反射峰,485和585 nm处有一个小吸收峰,而海草则相反,在395,430,490和520 nm存在吸收峰,485和585 nm处显示反射峰。以上数据为将来利用底质反射率提取底栖物质组成信息奠定了基础,同时其结果也能够证实系统的可靠性和有效性。     

Insoluble carbonaceous materials as electron shuttles enhance the anaerobic/anoxic bioremediation of redox pollutants: Recent advances

Carbonaceous materials can accelerate extracellular electron transfer for the biotransformation of many recalcitrant, redox-sensitive contaminants and have received considerable attention in fields related to anaerobic bioremediation. As important electron shuttles(ESs), carbonaceous materials effectively participate in redox biotransformation processes, especially microbially-driven Fe reduction or oxidation coupled with pollutions transformation and anaerobic fermentation for energy and by-pro...     

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of LiMn2O4 cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries

LiMn₂O₄ cathode materials with high discharge capacity and good cyclic stability were prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal treatment of KMnO₄, aniline and LiOH solutions at 120–180 °C for 24 h. The aniline/KMnO₄ molar ratio (R) and hydrothermal temperature exhibited an obvious influence on the component and phase structures of the resulting product. The precursor KMnO₄ was firstly reduced to birnessite when R was less than 0.2:1 at 120–150 °C. Pure-phased LiMn₂O₄ was formed when R was 0.2:1, and the LiMn₂O₄ was further reduced to Mn₃O₄ when R was kept in the range of 0.2–0.3 at 120–150 °C. Moreover, LiMn₂O₄ was fabricated when R was 0.15:1 at 180 °C. Octahedron-like LiMn₂O₄ about 300 nm was prepared at 120 °C, and particle size decreased with an increase in hydrothermal temperature. Especially, LiMn₂O₄ synthesized at 150 °C exhibited the best electrochemical performance with the highest initial discharge capacity of 127.4 mAh g⁻¹ and cycling capacity of 106.1 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. The high discharge capacity and cycling stability of the as-prepared LiMn₂O₄ cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries were ascribed to the appropriate particle size and larger cell volume.     

Synthesis and Effects of Heat Treatments on Luminescence Behavior of a Templated Borate

Templated pentaborates have potential application as LEDs. The organically templated pentaborate [C₂H₈N][B₅O₆(OH)₄] ( A ) was synthesized by the reaction of dimethylamine with boric acid in pyridine solution and the compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as TG‐DTA analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction. The crystallographic structure of A was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P$\bar{1}$ with the parameters of a = 8.893(7) (Å), b = 8.902(7) (Å), c = 16.967(16) (Å), α = 102.620(12)°,β = 102.817(11)°, γ = 99.107(5)°, V = 1247.5(18) ų and Z = 4. The luminescent properties of the compound were studied, and a purple‐pink luminescence occurs with an emission maximum at 473 nm. The photoluminescence of A can be changed from purple‐pink to white by means of a simple heat‐treatment process. The white‐light‐emission of the as‐synthesized sample G makes the pentaborate a good candidate for display and lighting applications in white LEDs.     

刻蚀深度对GaN基微尺寸LED芯片RC特性的影响

隔离槽的制作是实现阵列芯片单元独立的有效方法。本文采用感应耦合等离子体干法刻蚀（ICP）和具有高刻蚀比的SiO₂与光刻胶混合掩膜在GaN基微尺寸LED上制备了3种深度的隔离槽和6种不同的芯片尺寸结构。通过电致发光（EL）和电容计表征不同刻蚀深度对LED芯片电学性能和电容大小的影响。实验结果表明,小尺寸的芯片有着更高的电流承受密度和更小的电容值,隔离槽刻蚀深度的增加能降低电容和电阻,从而使RC时间常数得到降低。有源层直径为120 μm的芯片从仅有Mesa刻蚀到完全刻蚀到蓝宝石衬底,其RC调制带宽从155 MHz增大到176 MHz。减小芯片尺寸和完全刻蚀到蓝宝石衬底能有效减小芯片RC常数。这些工作将有助于GaN基LED的未来设计和制造,以提高高频可见光通信的调制带宽和光功率。     

锂离子动力电池极片的激光切割分析

为适应锂离子动力电池行业发展需求,寻求一种高效高质切片方式,本文研究了多种激光器的切片质量。通过影像测量仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对比发现,100 ns脉宽调Q型1 064 nm光纤激光器切割正极铝箔时毛刺和热影响区(HAZ)约为15μm和60μm,切负极铜箔时HAZ约为200μm; 20 ns脉宽的MOPA光纤激光器切割铝箔毛刺10μm,HAZ约为20μm,切铜箔时HAZ约70μm;脉宽为10 ps的固体激光器切割铝箔毛刺和HAZ分别约为6μm和10μm,切铜箔时实现无熔融重凝区; 20 ns脉宽的355 nm紫外和532 nm的绿光固体激光器切割铝箔HAZ分别为10μm和17μm,切铜箔时HAZ则分别为大于70μm和100μm。实验结果表明:脉宽越窄,重复频率越高,切割的极片质量越好,ps激光器切割的极片精度最高,质量最好,是切割极片最理想激光器。而目前,频率高、脉宽相对窄的MOPA光纤激光器切割速度最高,切割的正极片完全满足工业要求,更适合极片切割的工业推广。